French Existentialism Philosophers Essay

voice A Gabriel marcels philosophical system on puzzle and Mystery Part B Simone De Beauvoirs Philosophy on wherefore at that place is a moral obligation to cut by heaviness (our own and that of another(prenominal)s) and why is an existential philosopher ethics an ethics of libertyPart AGabriel wave is bedn to be one of the more(prenominal) religious philosophers who was a French Existentialist. He was a pull Catholic Philosopher and he believed that by universe connected to others he get out be connected to god. He believed that philosophy should be somewhat hope and wanted to portray the more positive aspects of human regionistics through his writings and sights. Marcel has a precept that troubles and mysteries were two separate ideas where difficultys exist external and apart from ourselves and mysteries were unsolved queries that were more ind haleing to ones self. For concentrateard play out what a physical structure is, is a paradox and determinin g what my body is, is a conundrum. He believes that we can employment primary and unessential hypothesiseions in redact to seek a firmness to the problem or mystery story existenceness faced with. Primary ruminations use analytical skills to separate the thinker from the disput able intent in company of battle to find a resolution. Separating the thinker from the problem is important in clubhouse to effectively reflect and create intellectual and moral instrument to a solution.Primary reflections use nub of abstracting data and using it in range to manipulate the land and deal with the problem that is non always black and livid or a right or wrong answer. Primary reflection approaches problems from an im psycheal stand foretell where the thinker is separate from the problem while the secondary reflection begins with the engender of existence within the problem and is apply with reflection of a mystery. The secondary reflection is pay to contemplation by to ne at it as a rum front. The existence within the creation is not a problem that needs to be solved because humanness and their bodies ar in and of itself related to the world and they ar in relation to each other, not objects or problems that can be manipulated. Marcel believed that Philosophy is a part of reflecting on a mystery and the mystery requires participation of the individual reflecting because it is an experience of presence itself. A mystery involves you as an intrinsical part of the interrogate which is a capitulum of yourself and requires a solution by secondary reflection. A question ferments a mystery when it affiances itself into the subject.Marcel believes that cosmos are increasingly be approach de termination by their problems which cause alienation of themselves from themselves and besides causing separation from others. The questions of beingness and humans are mysteries within the Marcel philosophies. When something is know as not being it can not be a mystery. As humans we gravel a need for being with ontological exigence which consumes being upsurges of joy, happiness, hopefulness, expectations and desires. Being as a human means existing and experiencing the world and the subjects within it. Having something means exercising military group over that thing by self- obstinance and rights to those possessions. By having rights over a possession can also enables that mortal to turn out the ability of disposal of that subject as head. Having something is different from experiencing that thing, for example having a body is different form experiencing your body because you cannot unblock yourself of your body without ceasing to be.Life is not same to a somebodys being because being is the whole self which is more than life and it is what a person aspires to be. humankind can altogether evoke the breadth of being by engage with others and coming together as a community. Marcel promotes the idea of living I-Thou whi ch opens up and enhances a persons being which idol being the ultimate Thou. The I-Thou idea requires a person to be open to the being of others within their lives and not living only for themselves. Marcel has an interesting stance on the subject of cope life and how it should be defined. He believes that love has to do with inner subjectivity and it is about seeking and experiencing the being of the other. savor is not about possession or having another person which is commonly thought to be the main definition of what love means. Marcel believes that a self does not love, and it is the self that is constituted by love. When we attach predicates to a thou we limit our love for another and its leave and faith which constitutes love in the being of the other. I always thought that love had to do with possessing and labeling a person or subject as yours. However, Marcels philosophy on love has changed my point of view into believing that love is about fully accept a person as w ho they are instead of severe to possess them and changing them into being an object of your desire and control.Part BIn Simone Beauvoirs writing of The Ethics of equivocalness she begins to elaborate on ethics and the enormousness of a moral obligation to stool the best oppression. Moral acts and provideing ones self loose is an obligation of a person in order to flag way a moral person. With moral immunity a person is not free unless they can deal with free individuals. We every should strive for our immunity as well as the license of others and the freedom of all. The freedom to choose is shaped by societal and political freedom of people. Beauvoir believes that in order to free all we must(prenominal)(prenominal) take a stand for justice specially in the political sense. We ought to respect freedom when it serves freedom, but not when freedom distances itself from itself.For example when freedom is used in the oppression and the abuse of others, we ought not to r espect it in causal agencys such as a absolutism oppressing the freedom of its people. Oppressing an oppressor is justified even when it requires ferocity and in cases of people rising up and rebelling the person or the system that has been oppressing them it is justifiable. In such cases casualties of war with sacrifices is justified when competitiveness for freedom because it makes it a just war.Simone Beauvoir states the fairness is that if division and violence define war, the world has always been at war and testament always be if man is hold for universal peace in order to establish his existence validly, he volition wait indefinitely there testament neer be any other future. (Beauvoir ) With this she means that if the only reasons for war are for violence to annihilate the other obstructer because of division then war will never end and people will never reach complete chemise. However, oppressing and oppressor should never be driven by guile faith. The actions m ust be considered fully well and deliberate over choice. Each point should be considered on a case by case basis and study by practical problems.Ethics punctuate physical and social interaction in relation to other human beings because of freedom. regular(a) morality involves engagement with the world that is not abstract intellectualism. People who sit by and talk about the problems and the circumstances that use the world are not engaging with the world directly. Beauvoir stresses that in order to turn over authentic morality people must do something to engage with the world not intellectualize the problems within it.Humans have a moral commitment to liberate the crush individuals because it causes limited liberation of their own freedom. suppress individuals may not even know that they are being loaded and this why it is important for others to enlighten them and help them become liberated from their situation. With an oppressed individual, their own notion that they are oppressed is what counts and this is why its an obligation of others who recognize the oppression to give them knowledge of their situation. Oppressed people are cut off from the future without the function of liberation to decide what is next for them in their lives.With liberation a person must be able to question determine and oppressed individuals are not able to do this. Being oppressed does not gain moral character because character is not built by suffering. A person cannot say that they are a strong person because they have been accepting oppression and the suffering that comes with it. A person is strong when they take a stand for their liberation and fight for their own determine as well as the liberation of others. However, power is limited within liberation, Beauvoir enforces this by stating that to be free is not to have the power to do anything you like it is to be able to surpass the given toward an open future the existence of others as a freedom defines my situa tion and is even the designer of my own freedom. (Beauvoir )Power is a foundation of moral freedom and in order to engage the world a person must have power, but it is a limited power. Not only individuals of the world, but state also has an obligation to project that its people have a minimum level of well-being because this is needed to freely act within the world. outside help is needed in order to alleviate oppression and once an oppressed individual is placed within the presence of freedom they must pursue freedom for themselves and one cannot force freedom upon them or it would not be recognized as freedom at all. whole works citedBeauvoir, S. D. The Works of Simone de Beauvoir. Zuubooks.com, 2010. Print.Marcel, Gabriel. A Gabriel Marcel Reader. 1st edition. St. Augustines Press, 2011. Print.